Biopsy
A biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue for
microscopic examination and/or culture, often to help the physician make a diagnosis.
How the a biopsy is performed
The method of tissue removal varies among the type of biopsies:
In a needle (percutaneous) biopsy, the tissue sample is simply obtained by use
of a syringe. A needle is passed into the tissue to be biopsied, and cells are removed
through the needle. Depending on the location of the tissue to be biopsied, needle
biopsies are often performed under X-ray (usually CT scan) guidance.
In an open biopsy, an incision is made in the skin, the organ is exposed, and a
tissue sample is taken.
Closed biopsy involves a much smaller incision than open biopsy. The small
incision is made to allow insertion of a visualization device, which can guide the
physician to the appropriate area to take the sample.
If the tissue to be sampled is in the abdomen and cannot be safely accessed with a
needle or closed procedure, an open biopsy must be performed in the operating room.
How to prepare for a Biopsy
Check with your physician about stopping medications that can
predispose to bleeding, such as aspirin, Coumadin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
medications (NSAIDs). Also mention any herbal preparations you are taking. Never change
your medication regimen without first checking with your physician.
How the a biopsy feal
In a needle biopsy, you will feel a small sharp pinch at the
site of the biopsy. In an open or closed biopsy, local or general anesthesia is generally
used to make the procedure pain free.
Why the test is performed
A biopsy may be performed to obtain healthy tissue can be
obtained for the purpose of tissue-type matching for transplants. Unhealthy tissues are
more commonly biopsied to diagnose disease.
Normal Values
Normal tissue.
Abnormal biopsies mean that the material obtained differs from
the usual structure or condition of the tissue.
Abnormal results may indicate the presence of disease, such as cancer, depending on the
particular case.
What the risks are for a Biopsy
Special considerations concerning
a biopsy.
Please see the following list of tests or procedures to obtain
more information on why each one is performed, how it is performed, the risks, and normal
and abnormal results:
Information linked to the National Institutes of Health.
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